Inflammation/Immune Response Pathways Initialized by the IL-1 Receptor/Toll-like Receptor Family
The IL-1Receptor/Toll-like Receptor family plays a key role in the Innate and Adaptive Immune Response (1,2) as they define the inflammatory process and host defense mechanisms (3,4).
IL-1α and IL-1β binding to respective IL-RI and IL-1RII receptors together wit h IL-1RAcP usually lead to an inflammatory cascade. IL-1α and IL-1β are both produced by numerous cell lineages of both immune effector cells and non-immune effector cells alike (5) producing an inflammatory local environment. The activation of cells serves as a pre-requistie for IFNγ production. In the case of NK cells, IL-1 functions in tandem with macrophage derived IL-12 in a feed-back loop of activation through IFNγ.
Increased analysis of TLRs with certified data indicates that TLR activation through microbial ligands or PAMPs or endogenous ligands or DAMPs elicits inflammatory mediator cascades through NF-kB or IRF pro-inflammatory pathways which drive and ultimately define specific adaptive immune responses.
As shown in the accompanying figure activation of APC’s such as Dendritic Cells or macrophages through the IL-1/TLR Receptor initiate and control inflammatory/immune pathways which comprise immune responses ranging from anti-microbial host defense and anti-tumor responses to autoimmune responses.
IMGENEX Corporation provides a rapidly expanding and extensive line of products to identify, quantify and specify the cells, ligands, receptors, inflammatory mediators, and signaling pathways of the immune response.
Imgenex's Inflammatory/Immune Signaling Pathway Products and Services include a rapidly expanding portfolio validated for Flow Cytometry, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blotting and ELISA platforms.
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• IMGENEX Screening Services which provides partnering opportunities utilizing our expertise for development of the specific assays you need for Inflammation and Immune Signaling Pathway analysis.
Related Products
Toll-like Receptors - NF-kB Pathway - T Cell Subsets
Dendritic Cells - Inflammation - TLR Ligands
Our objective is to provide the products and insight to accelerate your research and development efforts related to inflammation and the immune response.
1. The Signaling Gateway www.signaling-gateway.org/data/cgi-bin
2. Sim, J.E. et al. Trends Immunol. 22: 536.
3. Verstrepen, L. et al. 2008 Cell Mol. Life Sci. 65(19): 2964.
4. O’Neill, L.A.J. et al. 2009 Pharmacol. Rev. 61: 167.
5. Billiau, A. 1996 Adv. Immunol. 62:61.
