In addition to antigen recognition by the T-cell receptor, T-cell activation requires a second signal from a costimulatory receptor, such as CD28 (MIM 186760), which interacts with B7-1 (CD80; MIM 112203) and B7-2 (CD86; MIM 601020) ligands on antigen-presenting cells. CD28 costimulation induces transcription of interleukin-2 (IL2; MIM 147680) and stabilizes newly synthesized IL2 through the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), such as ERK (e.g., MAP2K4; MIM 601335) and JNK (see MIM 601158), and the subsequent creation of AP1 transcription factor (see MIM 165160). DUSP14 is a negative regulator of CD28 signaling.[supplied by OMIM]