18 September 2015

Cell cycle pathway

Aviva Systems Biology provides a comprehensive set of antibodies for cell cycle pathway


The cell cycle pathway is a unidirectional process that governs cell division. This process, which cannot be reversed once started, is critical for cell survival. The cell cycle typically involves four phases: S phase, in which DNA is replicated, M phase, in which chromosomes are separated and two distinct cells are formed, and G1 and G2 phases during which the cell is preparing for cell division. The majority of the cell cycle pathway is regulated by two classes of proteins: cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and cyclins. Cyclins and CDKs form complexes that enable CDKs to phosphorylate and activate specific cell cycle intermediates. In the initial stages of the cell-cycle signal, cyclin D will bind to CDK4 and this complex will phosphorylate the retinoblastoma (Rb) gene [1]. During a quiescent state, Rb is bound to DNA and blocks the transcription of specific genes. After phosphorylation, Rb becomes unbound and genes necessary for the cell cycle are now accessible.

The cell cycle pathway is a highly-regulated process that incorporates three major checkpoints. The first checkpoint is the G1 checkpoint, which determines whether or not a cell will enter into the cell division process. The second checkpoint, G2, will determine if the cell will enter into mitosis. Both the G1 and G2 checkpoints can be affected by the presence or absence of various growth factors, DNA damage, or replicative senescence. The final checkpoint, metaphase, ensures proper chromosome alignment prior to cell division. The cell cycle pathway is intrinsically linked to cell survival and cell death. For instance, failure of a cell to meet the requirements of the individual cell cycle checkpoints will result in the cell undergoing apoptosis.

In cancer, the cell cycle checkpoints are often dysfunctional. Checkpoint proteins, such as Rb or p53, are often mutated or inactivated and this can result in cell division despite incomplete DNA synthesis and segregation errors. Inappropriate continuation of the cell cycle can lead to genomic instability, which is a common feature of malignant cells.

Targets

ANAPC10CDC26FZR1PTTG2
ANAPC2CDC27GADD45ARAD21
ANAPC7CDK2GADD45BRB1
ATMCDK4GSK3BRBL1
CCNA2CDK6HDAC1RBX1
CCNB3CDK7HDAC2SFN
CCND1CDKN1BMCM2SMAD3
CCND3CDKN2BMCM4SMAD4
CCNE1CDKN2DMCM5SMC1A
CCNE2CHEK1MCM6TFDP1
CCNHCREBBPMCM7TFDP2
CDC23CUL1MDM2TGFB2
CDC25AE2F4PCNAYWHAE
CDC25BE2F5PLK1YWHAH
CDC25CEP300PRKDCYWHAQ

Use our search engine to find your antibody. Search your target and fine-tune with the filters. You can filter on many features such as: application, species, host, conjugation, isotype, clonality, brand and more. If you still can’t find your antibody, request it here and we will locate it for you.

Reference

Support your research

Are you looking for specific products, alternatives, documentation or need assistance?

How can we help?

Related articles

Newsletter for researchers

We gladly support you by keeping you updated on our latest products and the developments around our services.

we Connect you
Need help? Contact our technical support
Contact